1º401k contribution limits are almost 4X what you can put in a Traditional IRA, so you can’t get as far with the effect of pre-tax savings. Plus 401ks often offer the highest match so there is a huge impact. I’ve also never had a 401k available from smaller financial companies either because they are costly. Can’t get nearly as far with just Traditional IRA contributions. If you’re lucky enough to have an employer offer a Simple IRA you can contribute a little more, but still way less than a 401. Also a lot of years went by before people over 50 were even allowed an IRA catch up contribution to sock away a bit more than the abysmal IRA amount.